The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The Costa Rican model of development is often cited as a distinct approach to public health and governance. The Costa Rican Constitution mandates the abolition of the army, allowing the government to redirect defense budget resources toward health, education, and basic amenities. This approach posits that a healthy population is essential for national development.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: In the Costa Rican system, health education is not treated as a peripheral subject. It is considered an essential component of the curriculum at all levels of education, ensuring that the entire population is informed about health practices.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Knowledge about health is not restricted to specialized institutions like medical colleges. Because the government views the health of the people as a priority for development, health education is integrated into the general schooling system for all students.
Key Takeaway:
Costa Rica prioritizes public health by utilizing funds saved from not maintaining an army to provide basic services and by making health education an integral part of the academic curriculum at all levels.