The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Antarctica is the fifth-largest continent, distinguished by its location in the southern polar region and its permanent ice cover.- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Antarctica lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere. It is a vast landmass surrounding the South Pole, entirely distinct from the Northern Hemisphere.
- Statement 2 is Correct: The South Pole lies almost at the centre of this continent. Consequently, the region is permanently covered with thick ice sheets and experiences extreme cold.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: There are no permanent human settlements in Antarctica. While various nations maintain active research stations staffed by scientists on a rotational basis, these do not constitute permanent settlements. India has established research stations named Maitri, Dakshin Gangotri, and Bharati, but these are facilities for scientific observation, not permanent habitation.
Key Takeaway: Antarctica is a Southern Hemisphere continent centered on the South Pole, characterized by the absence of permanent human settlements despite the presence of international research stations.