Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The concept of Health is multidimensional. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. In the context of the Indian Constitution, the Supreme Court has interpreted the Right to Health as an intrinsic part of the Right to Life (Article 21).
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: Health is a holistic concept. It is not limited to being disease-free but includes the ability to function physically, maintain mental stability, and interact socially. This broad definition is globally accepted and is reflected in India's public health approach.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Access to clean drinking water is a fundamental determinant of health. Contaminated water is a primary cause of communicable diseases (e.g., cholera, typhoid). The Supreme Court of India has explicitly ruled that the Right to Clean Drinking Water is a fundamental right under Article 21, as it is essential for a dignified life and good health.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Mental health is an integral component of overall health. Factors such as mental strain, anxiety, and stress directly impact a person's well-being and physical capability. The Mental Healthcare Act, 2017 also recognizes mental illness as a health condition requiring care and protection.
Key Takeaway
Health encompasses physical, mental, and social dimensions. Essential determinants like clean drinking water and sanitation are not just biological necessities but are also recognized as Fundamental Rights under Article 21 of the Constitution.