The correct option is (b).
Explanation
Under the Indian Constitution, the Parliament is the supreme legislative body of the Union. Its composition is defined under Article 79, while the officers presiding over the two Houses are defined under subsequent articles.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. According to Article 79 of the Constitution, the Parliament of India consists of the President and two Houses: the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). The President is an integral part of the Parliament, even though they do not sit in either House, as no bill can become law without their assent.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The Vice-President of India acts as the ex-officio Chairman of the Rajya Sabha (Council of States). This is provided for under Article 64 and Article 89 of the Constitution.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect. The Lok Sabha (House of the People) is presided over by the Speaker, who is elected by the members of the Lok Sabha from among themselves (Article 93). The Vice-President does not preside over the Lok Sabha.
Key Takeaway: The Indian Parliament comprises three components: the President, the Rajya Sabha, and the Lok Sabha. The Vice-President presides over the Rajya Sabha, whereas the Speaker presides over the Lok Sabha.