The correct option is (c).
Explanation
A habitat is the specific physical environment in which an organism lives. It is constituted by the interaction of two distinct components: biotic (living) and abiotic (non-living). These components collectively determine the survival and adaptation of organisms within an ecosystem.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The biotic components of a habitat include all living organisms. This encompasses plants (flora), animals (fauna), and microorganisms. Their interactions, such as predation, competition, and symbiosis, are central to the biological structure of the habitat.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Rocks and soil represent the physical structure and chemical composition of the environment. Since they are non-living elements, they are classified as abiotic components, not biotic.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Sunlight, heat, temperature, water, and air are physical factors that influence the physiological functions of living beings. These are classified as abiotic components of a habitat.
Key Takeaway
Biotic components refer to all living entities (plants, animals, microbes), whereas abiotic components refer to the non-living physical and chemical factors (light, temperature, soil, water) that characterize an environment.