The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
In an ecosystem, organisms are classified into trophic levels based on their feeding relationships. This includes producers, primary consumers (herbivores), and secondary or tertiary consumers (carnivores). Evolutionary adaptations, such as the placement of eyes, play a critical role in the survival of predator and prey species.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: In a grassland ecosystem, plants are the producers. Organisms that eat plants directly are called primary consumers (herbivores). Lions are carnivores that hunt and eat herbivores; therefore, they are classified as secondary or tertiary consumers, not primary consumers.
- Statement 2 is Correct: A deer is a herbivore that feeds on grass and vegetation. Since it is hunted and consumed by carnivores (predators) like lions or tigers, it is classified as prey.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Prey animals, such as deer, typically have eyes located on the sides of their heads. This adaptation provides a wide field of view, allowing them to detect predators approaching from almost any direction while grazing. In contrast, predators usually have eyes facing forward to allow for depth perception, which is essential for hunting.
Key Takeaway: Primary consumers are herbivores that feed on producers. Prey animals possess adaptations like side-facing eyes to maximize their field of vision for defense, whereas predators possess front-facing eyes for depth perception.