The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Cold Weather Season (Winter) in India is characterized by the apparent movement of the sun towards the southern hemisphere, resulting in high-pressure conditions over the northern plains, clear skies, low temperatures, and low humidity.Statement 1 is Correct: The cold weather season typically begins from mid-November in northern India and stays until February. December and January are generally the coldest months in the northern part of the country.
Statement 2 is Incorrect: During the winter season, the temperature generally decreases from south to north. The peninsular region, being closer to the equator and under maritime influence, maintains moderate mean temperatures (around 20°C–25°C). In contrast, the northern parts of India experience much lower temperatures (often between 10°C–15°C) due to their distance from the sea and continentality. The statement claims an increase from south to north, which is the opposite of the observed trend.
Statement 3 is Correct: Due to the sharp drop in temperatures, frost is a common weather phenomenon in the northern plains during peak winter. Additionally, the higher slopes of the Himalayas experience snowfall due to freezing temperatures at high altitudes.
Key Takeaway: The Indian winter season commences in mid-November in the north and is defined by a south-to-north temperature decline, frost in the plains, and snowfall in the Himalayan ranges.