The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The Arctic Ocean is the smallest and shallowest of the world's five major oceans. It is situated almost entirely in the Northern Hemisphere and is characterized by its polar location and extensive sea ice cover.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Arctic Ocean is located within the Arctic Circle (approximately 66.5° North latitude). It occupies the region immediately surrounding the North Pole.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Arctic Ocean surrounds the North Pole. The South Pole is situated on the continent of Antarctica, which is surrounded by the Southern Ocean.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The ocean is effectively a semi-enclosed basin, bounded by the northern landmasses of North America (specifically Canada, Alaska, and Greenland) and Eurasia (specifically Russia and Scandinavia). It connects to the Pacific Ocean through the narrow Bering Strait.
Key Takeaway
The Arctic Ocean is centered on the North Pole and is enclosed by the northern coasts of North America and Eurasia, distinct from the Antarctic region which is a continent centered on the South Pole.