The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
The architecture of the Deccan region, particularly under the Chalukyas of Badami and the Rashtrakutas, marks a significant evolution in Indian temple architecture. This period witnessed the coexistence of rock-cut and structural temples and the emergence of the Vesara style.
Statement 1 is Incorrect: The Vesara style (also known as the Karnataka-Dravida style) is a hybrid architectural style that combines elements of the Northern Nagara and Southern Dravida orders. It flourished primarily in the Deccan region under the patronage of the later Chalukyas and Hoysalas.
Statement 2 is Correct: The Kailashnath temple at Ellora (Cave 16) is not a structural temple made of dressed stone. It is a monolithic rock-cut temple, carved top-down from a single basalt rock face. It is considered one of the most remarkable examples of cave temple architecture in the world, distinct from structural temples which are constructed by assembling stone blocks.
Statement 3 is Incorrect: There is a factual interchange in the statement regarding the builder.
- The Kailashnath temple at Ellora was commissioned by the Rashtrakuta king Krishna I.
- The Virupaksha temple at Pattadakal was built by Queen Lokamahadevi, the queen of the Chalukya king Vikramaditya II, to commemorate his victory over the Pallavas of Kanchipuram.
Key Takeaway: The Kailashnath temple (Ellora) is a monolithic rock-cut structure built by the Rashtrakutas (Krishna I), whereas the Virupaksha temple (Pattadakal) is a structural temple built by the Chalukyas.