The correct option is (a).
Explanation
The subsistence strategy of the Harappan Civilization was a mix of agriculture and animal husbandry. Archaeological evidence, specifically zooarchaeology (study of animal bones), confirms the domestication of various species.
Statement 1 is Correct:
Harappan sites have yielded bones of cattle, sheep, goat, buffalo, and pig. Studies indicate that these animals were domesticated and reared by the Harappans for milk, meat, and agricultural labor (such as ploughing and transport).
Statement 2 is Incorrect:
Historical analysis suggests that during dry summer months, water and grass would become scarce around the immediate settlements. Consequently, large herds of animals were likely taken to distant pastures in search of fodder and water, rather than being confined strictly within the city walls.
Key Takeaway:
The Harappans practiced mixed farming involving the rearing of cattle, sheep, goats, and buffalo, and likely engaged in seasonal migration (transhumance) to sustain large herds during dry periods.