Correct Option
The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The Harappans were master artisans in metal casting, employing the 'lost wax' technique (Cire Perdue) to create bronze statues. While human figures like the 'Dancing Girl' are famous, the civilization also produced significant animal figures in bronze, showcasing both realistic and stylized artistic sensibilities.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: The bronze buffalo found at Mohenjo-Daro is a notable example of Indus Valley metalwork. It is characteristically depicted with an uplifted head and large, sweeping horns, capturing the animal's powerful stance.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: While the bronze goat is depicted with somewhat stiff legs, it is incorrect to state that it lacks artistic merit. Standard art history, explicitly mention that both the buffalo and the goat possess significant artistic merit, reflecting the sophisticated aesthetic of the period.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Metal casting was not restricted to Mohenjo-Daro. Bronze and copper animal figures have been discovered at other sites. For instance, a copper dog and bird were found at Lothal, and a copper bull was found at Kalibangan.
Key Takeaway
Key Takeaway: The Indus Valley Civilization utilized the 'lost wax' technique for bronze casting across multiple sites (not just Mohenjo-Daro), producing anatomically detailed figures like the Dancing Girl and the Bronze Buffalo.