The correct option is
1 only
Explanation
The Akota bronzes refer to a significant hoard of Jain metal sculptures discovered at Akota, on the outskirts of Vadodara, Gujarat. These sculptures, dating from the late 5th to the 12th century CE, represent a major school of bronze casting in Western India and provide crucial evidence of the development of Jain art in the region.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Akota hoard consists primarily of Jain images. These include representations of Tirthankaras such as Rishabhanatha (Adinath), Parshvanath, and Mahavira. The hoard also contains images of Yakshas and Yakshinis, such as Ambika, reflecting the established Jain iconography of the period.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The Akota bronzes do not exist in isolation from the broader artistic trends of ancient India. They exhibit clear stylistic influences from the Gupta and Vakataka periods. The modeling of the figures and the treatment of drapery (often clinging and transparent) show the extension of the Gupta classical idiom into Western India.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: As the name suggests, these are bronzes, meaning they are metal sculptures. They were created using the lost-wax (Cire Perdue) casting technique, not carved out of stone. This technique was widely practiced in ancient India for making metal statues.
Key Takeaway:
Akota bronzes are a specific school of Jain metal sculpture from Gujarat that flourished in the post-Gupta period, characterized by the lost-wax casting technique and stylistic affinities with the Gupta and Vakataka art schools.