The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The adolescent population, defined as individuals aged 10 to 19 years, represents a critical demographic segment in India. This group is significant for the country's future economic growth and social development, often referred to as the demographic dividend. However, this demographic also faces specific social and health-related challenges.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: According to the Census of India 2011, the adolescent population (10-19 years) constitutes approximately 20.9% of the total population. This indicates a substantial youthful demographic base.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Adolescents are regarded as a youthful population with high potential, not an ageing population with low potential. They are the future workforce and human capital of the nation. An ageing population typically refers to the elderly demographic (60+ years).
- Statement 3 is Correct: While adolescents possess high potential, they are also a vulnerable group if not properly guided. In India, this demographic faces challenges such as drug abuse, alcoholism, juvenile delinquency, high school dropout rates, and nutritional deficiencies.
Key Takeaway
Adolescents (10-19 years) form roughly one-fifth of India's population (Census 2011). They are a high-potential youthful group but require policy interventions to manage vulnerabilities like substance abuse, malnutrition, and lack of education.