Correct Option
The correct option is 2 only
Explanation
In the context of ancient Indian history, particularly during the era of the Mahajanapadas and the subsequent rise of empires, Shrenis were corporate organizations or guilds formed by people belonging to the same profession or craft. They were central to the economic structure of the period.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect: Shrenis were associations of craft producers, artisans, and merchants. They organized the production process, procured raw materials, controlled the quality of goods, and managed the marketing of finished products. They also provided training to apprentices and regulated prices.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Shrenis were not solely religious bodies; they were primarily economic institutions. While they often participated in religious philanthropy and acted as trustees for religious endowments, their fundamental role was in production, trade, and banking. They functioned as banks where people could deposit money, and they possessed judicial authority over their members regarding professional conduct.
Key Takeaway
Shrenis were powerful economic guilds in ancient India responsible for organizing craft production and trade, functioning as both manufacturing units and banking institutions, rather than being religious bodies.