The correct Answer is 1, 2, 3 and 4
Explanation
The Mahajanapadas were sixteen great kingdoms or oligarchic republics that existed in ancient India from the sixth to fourth centuries BCE. These political entities represented a significant stage in the political and social development of the Indian subcontinent, characterized by the emergence of urban centers and organized state structures. Each Mahajanapada had a capital city, often fortified.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Gandhara : Taxila
Correct. Gandhara was one of the sixteen Mahajanapadas, and its capital was Taxila (Takshashila). Taxila was an important center of trade and learning in ancient India.
- Anga : Champa
Correct. Anga was a Mahajanapada located to the east of Magadha, and its capital city was Champa. Champa was a significant riverine port and a center for trade.
- Magadha : Rajgir (initially)
Correct. Magadha was one of the most powerful Mahajanapadas. Its initial capital was Rajagriha (modern Rajgir), which was later shifted to Pataliputra.
- Avanti : Ujjayini
Correct. Avanti was a prominent Mahajanapada in western India, and its capital was Ujjayini (modern Ujjain). Ujjayini was known for its strategic location and cultural significance.
Key Takeaway
The Mahajanapadas were significant political entities in ancient India, each with a distinct capital city, reflecting the early state formations and urban development of the period.