The correct option is (a) 1 only.
Explanation
The Constitution of India establishes a federal structure where legislative powers are divided between the Union (Parliament) and the States (State Legislatures) under Article 246 and the Seventh Schedule.- Statement 1 is Correct: The Parliament is the supreme legislative body for the Union of India. It has the authority to make laws for the whole or any part of the territory of India, specifically regarding matters listed in the Union List and the Concurrent List.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Laws for a specific state, particularly regarding matters enumerated in the State List, are primarily made by the State Legislature (Legislative Assembly and Legislative Council, where applicable). While Parliament can legislate on state matters under exceptional circumstances (e.g., during an Emergency or under Article 249), the general constitutional rule is that State Legislatures make laws for their respective states.
Key Takeaway: Parliament enacts laws for the entire country (Union subjects), whereas State Legislatures enact laws for their specific states (State subjects), ensuring the federal division of power.