Correct Option
The correct option is (d).
Explanation
Food security in India is ensured through a multi-dimensional approach involving increased production, buffer stocks, and public distribution. Following the Green Revolution in the late 1960s and early 1970s, India shifted from being a food-deficit nation to a self-sufficient one.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: India has achieved self-sufficiency in foodgrains over the last few decades. This achievement is attributed to sustained agricultural growth and policy interventions following the Green Revolution.
- Statement 2 is Correct: Since the advent of the Green Revolution, India has successfully avoided famines, even during periods of adverse weather conditions or crop failures. The availability of foodgrains has been maintained through domestic production and buffer stocks.
- Statement 3 is Correct: The cultivation of a variety of crops across different agro-climatic zones in the country has contributed significantly to this self-sufficiency. Diversification ensures that failure in one crop or region does not lead to a nationwide food crisis.
Key Takeaway: India achieved self-sufficiency in foodgrains through the Green Revolution and crop diversification, enabling the country to avoid famines even during adverse climatic conditions.