The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only
Explanation
Hunger is a key aspect of food insecurity and is generally categorized into two dimensions: chronic hunger and seasonal hunger. These categories help in understanding the nature of food deprivation based on income consistency and agricultural cycles.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Chronic hunger is a consequence of diets persistently inadequate in terms of quantity and/or quality. It is primarily caused by extreme poverty and the inability to buy food for survival on a regular basis. It is not caused by the seasonal nature of work; rather, the seasonal nature of agricultural work is a cause of seasonal hunger.
- Statement 2 is Correct. Seasonal hunger is directly related to the cycles of food growing and harvesting. It is prevalent in rural areas because agricultural activities are seasonal in nature, leading to periods where food availability or income from agriculture drops.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Seasonal hunger also occurs in urban areas. It affects casual labourers, such as those in the construction industry, who may face unemployment during specific times of the year (e.g., the rainy season) when work is scarce, leading to temporary food insecurity.
Key Takeaway:
Chronic hunger is a result of persistent low income and poverty, whereas seasonal hunger is a cyclical phenomenon caused by the seasonal nature of agricultural production or casual labour availability.