The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Hunger is a key indicator of food insecurity and poverty. It is broadly classified into two dimensions: Chronic Hunger and Seasonal Hunger. Understanding the distinction between these two types is essential for analyzing food security issues.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: Chronic hunger is defined as a consequence of diets that are persistently inadequate in terms of quantity and/or quality. It refers to a long-term state where individuals do not consume enough food to maintain normal physical functions.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The statement describes Seasonal Hunger, not Chronic Hunger. Seasonal hunger is related to the cycles of food growing and harvesting. It is prevalent in rural areas due to the seasonal nature of agricultural activities and in urban areas among casual laborers who face periods of unemployment. Chronic hunger, conversely, is constant and not tied to specific seasons.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Chronic hunger is primarily caused by a lack of resources. Poor people suffer from it because of their very low income and subsequent inability to buy food even for basic survival. It is a reflection of deep-rooted, structural poverty rather than temporary fluctuations in food availability.
Key Takeaway:
Chronic Hunger arises from persistent poverty and low income, whereas Seasonal Hunger is cyclical, occurring during lean agricultural periods or times of unemployment.