Correct Option
The correct option is (c) 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha) is the popular house of the state legislature. Its members, known as Members of the Legislative Assembly (MLAs), are directly elected representatives of the people from specific territorial divisions within the state.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: An MLA is elected directly by the people on the basis of universal adult franchise. Every citizen who is not less than 18 years of age has the right to vote in these elections, provided they are not otherwise disqualified.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: For the purpose of holding elections, each state is divided into specific areas called constituencies. One representative is elected from each constituency. Therefore, an MLA represents a specific constituency, not the entire state.
- Statement 3 is Correct: After the elections, the political party (or coalition) whose MLAs constitute more than half the total number of seats in the Legislative Assembly is considered the majority party. This ruling party forms the government at the state level, and its leader is appointed as the Chief Minister.
Key Takeaway: MLAs are directly elected representatives from specific territorial constituencies, and the executive government at the state level is formed by the party holding the majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly.