The correct option is 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
The rock shelters of Bhimbetka in Madhya Pradesh contain paintings spanning from the Upper Palaeolithic period to the Medieval period. These paintings are crucial for understanding the cultural evolution of early humans in India. The styles, themes, and sizes of the paintings evolved significantly between the Upper Palaeolithic (Period I) and the Mesolithic (Period II).
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The Mesolithic period (Period II) accounts for the largest number of paintings found at Bhimbetka. The Upper Palaeolithic period (Period I) has fewer paintings compared to the proliferation of art seen in the Mesolithic phase.
- Statement 2 is Correct. There is a distinct shift in scale between the two periods. The paintings of the Upper Palaeolithic period are characterized by huge figures of animals, such as bison, elephants, tigers, rhinos, and boars. In contrast, the paintings of the Mesolithic period are generally smaller in size.
- Statement 3 is Correct. The thematic content evolved alongside the style.
- Upper Palaeolithic: The paintings are primarily linear representations of large animals, often executed in green (dancers) and dark red (hunters).
- Mesolithic: The themes expanded significantly to reflect social life. These paintings depict hunting scenes (groups of people hunting), food gathering, dancing, and domestic scenes involving family life, women, and children.
Key Takeaway: The transition from the Upper Palaeolithic to the Mesolithic period in Indian rock art is marked by a shift from large, individual animal figures to smaller, complex scenes depicting social organization, community activities, and family life.