The correct option is (b) 2 only.
Explanation
In a parliamentary system of government, the legislature acts as a check on the executive. The relationship between the Ruling Party and the Opposition is defined by the principle of accountability, where the Opposition plays a critical role in scrutinizing the functioning of the government and ensuring it remains answerable to the people through the legislature.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The role of the Opposition does not end with elections; rather, it begins effectively after the government is formed. The Opposition is integral to the functioning of a parliamentary democracy. Its primary functions include criticizing government policies, highlighting failures, suggesting alternatives, and mobilizing public opinion. It acts as a "shadow government" or "government-in-waiting," ensuring that the ruling party does not act arbitrarily.
- Statement 2 is Correct. A core feature of parliamentary democracy is the accountability of the Executive to the Legislature. Ministers from the Ruling Party are obligated to answer questions raised by members of the Legislative Assembly, including those from the Opposition. Mechanisms such as Question Hour, Zero Hour, and various motions (e.g., No-Confidence Motion, Adjournment Motion) are tools used by the Opposition to hold the Ruling Party accountable for its administrative acts and policies.
Key Takeaway
The Opposition is an essential component of a parliamentary democracy, serving as a watchdog to ensure the Executive remains accountable to the Legislature through constructive criticism and questioning.