The correct option is 2 only.
Explanation
The Public Distribution System (PDS) is a government-sponsored chain of ration shops entrusted with the task of distributing basic food and non-food commodities to the needy sections of society at very cheap prices. Its primary objective is to ensure food security, which is intrinsically linked to the nutritional and health status of the population.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The PDS ensures the availability of essential food grains like wheat and rice at subsidized rates. By improving access to food for vulnerable sections, it directly contributes to calorie intake and food security. Therefore, the functioning of the PDS has a significant impact on the nutritional status of the population.
- Statement 2 is Correct. There is a strong correlation between food security and health outcomes. In states where the PDS functions effectively (e.g., Kerala and Tamil Nadu), the population has better access to nutrition, which strengthens immunity and reduces malnutrition. Consequently, the overall health status in these states is likely to be better compared to states with poor PDS implementation.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect. The Human Development Index (HDI) measures average achievement in three key dimensions of human development:
- Long and healthy life: Measured by Life Expectancy at Birth.
- Knowledge: Measured by Mean Years of Schooling and Expected Years of Schooling.
- A decent standard of living: Measured by GNI per capita (PPP).
Key Takeaway: The health dimension of the Human Development Index (HDI) is measured solely by Life Expectancy at Birth, whereas Nutrition is a specific indicator under the Health dimension of the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).