The correct option is 1 only
Explanation
The Chaurpanchashika style (named after the manuscript "Fifty Stanzas of Secret Love" by Bilhana) represents a significant phase in the evolution of Indian miniature painting during the 15th and 16th centuries. It is often categorized as a pre-Mughal indigenous style or the "Kulah-dar" group, serving as a bridge between the Western Indian (Jain) style and the early Rajasthani schools.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The Chaurpanchashika style is fundamentally an indigenous style of painting. It developed locally, evolving from the Western Indian manuscript traditions, and is distinct from the Persian-influenced Mughal style that emerged later. It is characterized by bold primary colors, angular features, and a lyrical quality rooted in Indian literary traditions.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The style does not employ photographic realism or detailed linear perspective. Instead, the architecture is depicted in a stylized, flat manner, often serving merely as a compartmentalized backdrop for the figures. The composition relies on flat planes of color rather than depth or three-dimensional modeling.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: The depiction of transparent fabrics is actually a hallmark of this style. Women are frequently shown wearing transparent veils (odhanis) that are stiff and balloon out behind their heads or bodies. The transparency is skillfully rendered to reveal the garments underneath, contradicting the claim that such depiction is avoided.
Key Takeaway:
The Chaurpanchashika style is an indigenous pre-Mughal tradition characterized by bold colors, large eyes, flat compositions, and the distinctive use of transparent, ballooning odhanis (veils).