The correct option is (c) 2 and 3 only.
Explanation
Force is defined as a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's interaction with another object. Forces are categorized into contact forces (requiring physical touch) and non-contact forces (acting from a distance). Muscular force is the force resulting from the action of muscles.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. Muscular force is a contact force. It can only be applied when the muscles are in physical contact with the object being moved or acted upon. For example, lifting a weight or pushing a door requires direct physical interaction. Unlike magnetic or gravitational forces, muscular force cannot act from a distance.
- Statement 2 is Correct. This force arises specifically due to the contraction and relaxation of muscles in the body. It allows organisms to perform mechanical work using energy derived from metabolic processes.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Muscular force is critical for internal physiological processes. In digestion, the food is pushed through the alimentary canal by the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of the muscles in the canal walls (peristalsis). Similarly, breathing involves the muscular movement of the diaphragm and rib cage.
Key Takeaway: Muscular force is a contact force generated by biological muscles, essential for both external physical activities and internal bodily functions such as digestion and respiration.