The correct option is (c).
Explanation
An ecosystem is defined by the continuous interaction between its biotic (living organisms) and abiotic (non-living physical and chemical elements) components. These interactions are essential for the flow of energy and the cycling of nutrients within the environment.- Statement 1 is Correct: Animals are heterotrophs, meaning they are physiologically incapable of synthesizing their own food from inorganic sources. They depend either directly (herbivores) or indirectly (carnivores and omnivores) on plants (autotrophs) for energy and nutrition.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Plants synthesize food through the process of photosynthesis. This process fundamentally requires abiotic factors, specifically sunlight (as an energy source), carbon dioxide, and water. Without these abiotic inputs, plants cannot produce glucose or survive.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Abiotic factors such as temperature, light intensity, water availability, and soil composition directly influence the physiological functions, distribution, and survival of biotic components. Organisms must adapt to these physical conditions to survive and reproduce.
Key Takeaway: The stability of an ecosystem relies on the interdependence of biotic components (food chains) and their absolute reliance on abiotic factors (energy and matter inputs) for sustenance.