The correct option is (a).
Explanation
Animals inhabiting desert environments (xeric conditions) possess specific morphological and physiological adaptations to conserve water and regulate body temperature against extreme heat.
Statement-wise Analysis
- Statement 1 is Correct: To minimize water loss, camels excrete a very small amount of highly concentrated urine. Additionally, their dung is dry, which further aids in water retention.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: Camels do not sweat profusely. They possess a physiological mechanism that allows their body temperature to fluctuate significantly. They only begin to sweat when their body temperature rises considerably, which helps conserve water that would otherwise be lost to thermoregulation.
- Statement 3 is Incorrect: Camels possess long legs, rather than short legs. This anatomical feature elevates their torso, keeping their vital organs at a distance from the intense heat radiating from the hot desert sand.
Key Takeaway
The primary adaptations of a camel include water conservation strategies (concentrated urine, dry dung, minimal sweating) and morphological features like long legs to minimize heat absorption from the ground.