The correct option is It prevents truth from becoming a cliché.
Explanation
John Stuart Mill, in his seminal work On Liberty, articulates four primary reasons why freedom of speech and expression should be protected even for those who hold erroneous views. These arguments provide the philosophical underpinning for democratic rights, such as those found in Article 19 of the Indian Constitution.
Analysis:
- Vitality of Truth: Mill argues that even if an established opinion is the absolute truth, if it is not challenged or debated, it tends to be held as a "dead dogma" or a mere prejudice. Without the conflict of ideas, individuals may believe the truth without understanding the rational grounds for it.
- Preventing Clichés: Constant challenge and debate force individuals to articulate and defend their views, ensuring the truth remains a living conviction rather than becoming a hollow phrase or cliché. Thus, the conflict of ideas is valuable to keep the meaning of the truth alive.
- Rejection of Other Options: Mill’s philosophy is rooted in individual liberty and the pursuit of truth. He does not advocate for state surveillance of dissenters (option b), elitist exclusivity in debate (option c), or the maintenance of social stratification (option d).
Key Takeaway:
According to J.S. Mill, the conflict of ideas is essential because it prevents established truths from degenerating into unthinking clichés or dead dogmas, ensuring that the reasons behind the truth remain understood and vibrant.