Correct Option (C)
The Champaran Satyagraha (1917) was Mahatma Gandhi's first major civil disobedience movement in India. It was initiated in response to the severe exploitation of indigo cultivators (peasants) in Champaran, Bihar, under the oppressive Tinkathia system imposed by British planters. A very significant aspect of this movement was its success in effectively linking a localized peasant struggle with the broader Indian National Movement. This integration broadened the scope and base of the nationalist struggle, demonstrating that the national movement could address the specific socio-economic grievances of the masses, thereby setting a crucial precedent for future peasant-based movements and mass mobilization strategies.
Incorrect Options:
1) Active all-India participation of lawyers, students and women in the National Movement: The Champaran Satyagraha was primarily a regional movement focused on the grievances of peasants in Bihar. While some lawyers and educated individuals assisted Gandhi, it did not witness active, all-India participation of lawyers, students, or women as a widespread national mobilization at that time. Such all-India participation became more prominent in later phases of the National Movement.
2) Active involvement of Dalit and Tribal communities of India in the National Movement: The movement primarily addressed the issues of indigo-cultivating peasants, irrespective of their caste or tribal identity. While some participants might have belonged to these communities, the movement's focus was not specifically on the active involvement or distinct issues of Dalit and Tribal communities as separate entities in the National Movement.
4) Drastic decrease in the cultivation of plantation crops and commercial crops: The Champaran Satyagraha aimed at abolishing the exploitative Tinkathia system and forced indigo cultivation. While it led to the end of forced cultivation and provided relief to the peasants, its direct outcome was not a drastic, overall decrease in the cultivation of plantation or commercial crops across India. The movement targeted the exploitative practices rather than the cultivation of such crops per se.