Correct Option (c):
Satya Shodhak Samaj, meaning 'Truth-Seekers' Society', was founded by Jyotirao Phule in Maharashtra on September 24, 1873. Its primary objective was to challenge the caste system and Brahminical dominance, advocating for the liberation and upliftment of Shudras and Dalits. The Samaj promoted education among the lower castes, actively opposed untouchability, and worked for women's rights and social equality. Therefore, it organized an anti-caste movement in Maharashtra.
Incorrect Options:
- Option (a): Satya Shodhak Samaj's focus was on caste reform and the upliftment of Shudras and Dalits, primarily in Maharashtra, not specifically on tribal upliftment in Bihar. Movements for tribal upliftment were distinct.
- Option (b): While Satya Shodhak Samaj worked against untouchability, it was not primarily a temple-entry movement. Prominent temple-entry movements, such as those led by Mahatma Gandhi and others, occurred later and in different regions like Kerala.
- Option (d): Satya Shodhak Samaj was an anti-caste social reform movement, not a peasant movement. Peasant movements, such as the Kisan Sabha Movement, addressed agrarian issues and had different objectives and geographical focuses, like Punjab.