Correct Option
The Ghadar Party was a revolutionary organization established in 1913 by Indian expatriates, primarily Sikhs and Punjabis, in San Francisco, USA. Its primary objective was to overthrow British rule in India through armed revolution. Prominent leaders associated with the movement included Lala Har Dayal, Sohan Singh Bhakna, and Kartar Singh Sarabha. The party published a weekly newspaper named 'Ghadar' (meaning 'rebellion') to propagate its anti-colonial ideology and mobilize support. During World War I, the Ghadarites attempted to incite a mutiny among Indian soldiers in British India, though this effort was largely unsuccessful.
Incorrect Options
2) The Ghadar Party did not operate from Singapore. While Singapore was a significant centre for Indian nationalist activities, particularly during World War II with organizations like the Indian Independence League and the Indian National Army, the Ghadar Party's base was in San Francisco.
3) The Ghadar Party's headquarters were not in Berlin. The 'Berlin Committee' (later known as the Indian Independence Committee) was a separate revolutionary organization formed in Germany during World War I by Indian nationalists like Virendranath Chattopadhyay, aiming to secure German support for Indian independence.
4) The Ghadar Party was a nationalist revolutionary movement, not a communist one. Its ideology was primarily focused on Indian independence rather than a specific communist doctrine. Tashkent, in Soviet Russia, became a significant centre for communist movements and the formation of the Communist Party of India in the early 20th century, but it was not associated with the Ghadar Party.