Correct Option (D)
The question asks which of the given practices were introduced into India by the English. None of the statements provided were introduced by the English.
- Statement 1: The system of land revenue assessment based on the nature of the soil and the quality of crops was a feature of the land revenue administration during the Mughal period. This system was notably systematized by Raja Todar Mal under Emperor Akbar. This predates significant English influence in India.
- Statement 2: Mobile cannons were introduced into India by Babur during the early 16th century, specifically used in the First Battle of Panipat in 1526. This occurred long before the establishment of English colonial power.
- Statement 3: Tobacco and red chillies were among several new crops introduced to India by the Portuguese in the 16th century, following their arrival and establishment of trade routes. Other crops introduced by the Portuguese include cashews, potatoes, and pineapples.
Therefore, none of the listed items were introduced by the English.
Incorrect Options
Options A, B, and C are incorrect as they assert that one or more of the practices were introduced by the English. As detailed above, the assessment of land revenue based on soil quality (Mughals/Todar Mal), the use of mobile cannons (Babur), and the cultivation of tobacco and red chillies (Portuguese) were introduced by other powers prior to the significant English presence and influence in India.