Correct Option (A):
The statement that Ali Mardan Khan introduced the system of revenue farming in Bengal is incorrect. Ali Mardan Khan was a prominent Mughal noble and engineer, but he was not associated with the introduction of revenue farming in Bengal. The system of revenue farming (ijaradari) in Bengal was introduced by Mughal Emperor Farrukhsiyar during his reign (1713-1719). This system allowed zamindars to collect revenue on behalf of the government, often leading to increased exploitation of peasants.
Incorrect Options:
Option 2 is correct. Maharaja Ranjit Singh, the founder of the Sikh Empire, undertook significant military modernization. He established modern foundries in Lahore to manufacture cannons and other armaments, often employing European experts to train his army and improve his military infrastructure.
Option 3 is correct. Sawai Jai Singh II of Amber (later Jaipur) was a distinguished ruler, astronomer, and scholar. He commissioned the translation of important scientific texts, including Euclid's Elements of Geometry, into Sanskrit. His contributions also include the construction of astronomical observatories (Jantar Mantars) at various locations.
Option 4 is correct. Sultan Tipu of Mysore, despite being a Muslim ruler, is known for his policy of religious tolerance. He provided financial assistance for the construction and installation of the idol of Goddess Sharda in the Shringeri Sharada Peetham temple after it was plundered by Maratha forces in 1791-92. This act reflects his respect for other religions and institutions.