Correct Option
Statement 1 is correct. The Chola dynasty, under prominent rulers such as Rajaraja I and Rajendra I, conducted extensive military campaigns against the Pandya and Chera kingdoms during the early medieval period. These campaigns resulted in the subjugation of these rival powers and the establishment of Chola supremacy over a significant portion of peninsular India.
Statement 2 is correct. Rajendra Chola I launched a major naval expedition against the Srivijaya empire, which was a dominant maritime power in Southeast Asia and part of the broader Sailendra sphere of influence, in the 11th century. This expedition successfully conquered several strategic ports and territories, showcasing the Chola empire's formidable naval capabilities and its expansive maritime reach.
Since both statements are factually accurate, option C is the correct answer.
Incorrect Options
Options A (Only 1), B (Only 2), and D (Neither 1 nor 2) are incorrect because both statements 1 and 2 accurately describe significant historical events related to the Chola dynasty. The Cholas successfully established their dominance over peninsular India by defeating the Pandya and Chera rulers, and they also undertook a successful overseas expedition against the Sailendra empire in Southeast Asia.