Correct Option
(D) Surat was designated as Babul Makka (Gate of Makka) during the Mughal period. This appellation was due to its role as the principal port for Hajj pilgrims embarking on their journey to Mecca. Beyond its religious importance, Surat was a major hub for international trade, attracting merchants from various regions including Persia, Arabia, and Europe. It was also a significant center for textile production and shipbuilding. European trading companies, such as the British East India Company (established a factory in 1612) and the Dutch (1618), also established their presence here, underscoring its commercial prominence.
Incorrect Options
Calicut (Kozhikode) was a prominent port on the Malabar Coast, renowned for its spice trade under the Zamorins. However, it was not known as Babul Makka.
Broach (Bharuch) was an important port in Gujarat, involved in trade, but it did not hold the specific religious significance associated with Hajj pilgrimage that Surat did.
Cambay (Khambhat) was a significant medieval trading port. Its importance, however, declined over time due to silting of its harbor and the subsequent rise of Surat as the dominant Mughal trading port.