Correct Option
Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are individually true, and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A).
Assertion (A) states that the Battle of Khanua was certainly more decisive and significant than the First Battle of Panipat. This assertion is true. The First Battle of Panipat (1526) marked Babur's victory over Ibrahim Lodi and the initial establishment of Mughal rule in India. However, it did not immediately secure Mughal dominance, as numerous regional powers, particularly the formidable Rajput confederacy, continued to pose a significant threat. The Battle of Khanua (1527), fought against Rana Sanga of Mewar, was pivotal in eliminating the most potent and organized indigenous resistance to Babur's authority in northern India. This victory consolidated Mughal power more effectively and ensured the long-term survival and expansion of the empire, making it more decisive in securing the foundation of Mughal rule than Panipat.
Reason (R) states that Rana Sanga, the Rajput hero, was certainly a more formidable adversary than Ibrahim Lodi. This reason is also true. Rana Sanga, the ruler of Mewar, led a powerful confederacy of Rajput states, including Marwar, Malwa, and Chanderi, and was an experienced and respected military commander with a strong reputation. In contrast, Ibrahim Lodi faced widespread unpopularity among his own Afghan nobles, internal rebellions, and a lack of unified support, which significantly weakened his position before the Battle of Panipat. Therefore, Rana Sanga presented a much greater and more organized military challenge to Babur than Ibrahim Lodi did.
Reason (R) correctly explains Assertion (A). The formidable nature of Rana Sanga (R) directly accounts for why the Battle of Khanua (A) was more decisive. Overcoming a powerful and unified Rajput confederacy led by an experienced commander like Rana Sanga signified a more complete subjugation of indigenous resistance compared to the victory over the internally divided Lodi Sultanate. The triumph at Khanua effectively crushed the last major organized opposition to Babur's rule, thereby cementing Mughal authority in a way that the victory at Panipat alone could not achieve.
Incorrect Options
Options 2, 3, and 4 are incorrect because both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are factually correct statements, and Reason (R) provides a direct and accurate explanation for Assertion (A), as detailed above.