Correct Option (C)
Ibrahim Adil Shah II, the Sultan of Bijapur, was known for his policy of religious tolerance and patronage of various faiths. He adopted the title 'Jagadguru' (teacher of the world) due to his efforts to promote harmony between Hindus and Muslims. He encouraged the use of Marathi in administration, patronized Hindu saints and temples, and included Hindu deities in his court's musical compositions. His reign is considered a period of significant cultural synthesis and religious coexistence in the Deccan.
Incorrect Options:
A) Husain Shah was a ruler of the Bengal Sultanate. While his reign saw cultural development, particularly in Bengali literature, he is not specifically known for being hailed as 'Jagadguru' for his secular policies in the same vein as Ibrahim Adil Shah II.
B) Zain-ul-Abidin was a ruler of Kashmir. He is renowned for his policies of religious tolerance, including the recall of Brahmins who had fled Kashmir and the abolition of jizya. He was known as 'Bud Shah' (the Great King) or 'Akbar of Kashmir' for his liberal policies, but not specifically 'Jagadguru'.
D) Mahmud II refers to different rulers across various dynasties. Without further specification, it is difficult to attribute the title 'Jagadguru' to any particular Mahmud II. Generally, no ruler by this name is prominently associated with the specific title 'Jagadguru' due to secular policies in the manner of Ibrahim Adil Shah II.