Correct Option (D)
The Mansabdari system, instituted by Emperor Akbar around 1595-96, was a comprehensive administrative framework that integrated both civil and military functions. It assigned ranks (mansabs) to nobles and officials, which determined their status, salary, and military obligations. A key objective of this system was to establish an efficient, disciplined, and accountable administration throughout the Mughal Empire. By clearly defining roles, responsibilities, and the number of troops to be maintained, it aimed to streamline governance and reduce corruption, thereby effecting clean administration.
Incorrect Options
- Option 1 (making recruitment to the army): While Mansabdars were indeed responsible for maintaining a specified contingent of troops and horses (indicated by their 'sawar' rank) for imperial service, the system's purpose was far broader than just army recruitment. It served as the backbone of the entire Mughal administrative structure, encompassing civil, judicial, and executive roles alongside military duties.
- Option 2 (facilitating revenue collection): Revenue collection was primarily managed through the Jagirdari system, where Mansabdars were often granted 'jagirs' (land assignments) from which they could collect revenue in lieu of a cash salary. Although the Mansabdari and Jagirdari systems were interconnected, the Mansabdari system itself was fundamentally about assigning ranks, responsibilities, and obligations to officers, not primarily about the direct facilitation of revenue collection.
- Option 3 (ensuring religious harmony): The Mansabdari system was an organizational and hierarchical structure for the Mughal bureaucracy and military. Its design and implementation were focused on administrative efficiency, military strength, and official hierarchy. It had no direct objective related to promoting or ensuring religious harmony, which was addressed through separate imperial policies and initiatives, such as Akbar's policy of Sulh-i-Kul.