Correct Option (c):
- A. Madras is warmer than Calcutta: This is attributed to latitude. Chennai (formerly Madras) is situated at a lower latitude (approximately 13°N) compared to Kolkata (approximately 22°N). Locations closer to the equator receive more direct solar radiation, leading to higher average temperatures.
- B. Snowfall in Himalayas: This is due to altitude. Temperature generally decreases with increasing altitude (environmental lapse rate). At higher elevations in the Himalayas, temperatures fall below freezing point, causing precipitation to occur as snow.
- C. Rainfall decreases from West Bengal to Punjab: This phenomenon is primarily due to the increasing distance from the sea. The monsoon winds, originating from the Bay of Bengal, progressively lose their moisture content as they travel inland westward across the Indo-Gangetic plain, resulting in a gradual decrease in rainfall.
- D. Sutlej-Ganga plain gets some rain in winter: This winter precipitation is caused by Western Disturbances. These are temperate cyclones originating over the Mediterranean Sea, which travel eastward and bring moisture to the northwestern parts of India during the winter months.
Incorrect Options:
Options (a), (b), and (d) are incorrect as they do not accurately match the given climatic conditions with their correct geographical or meteorological reasons.