Correct Option (b):
The longest day in the Northern Hemisphere occurs around June 21st, a phenomenon known as the Summer Solstice. During this time, the Earth's North Pole is maximally tilted towards the Sun. Consequently, the Sun's rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N latitude), resulting in the maximum duration of daylight hours for the Northern Hemisphere. This period falls within the second half of the month of June.
Incorrect Options:
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The Summer Solstice, marking the longest day in the Northern Hemisphere, typically occurs around June 21st. Therefore, the first half of June precedes this event.
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Options (c) and (d), referring to the first and second halves of July, occur after the Summer Solstice. Following the Summer Solstice, the tilt of the Northern Hemisphere relative to the Sun gradually decreases, leading to a progressive reduction in day length.