Correct Option
Statement 2 is correct. The construction of a canal across the Kra Isthmus in southern Thailand would create a direct maritime passage between the Gulf of Thailand (part of the South China Sea) and the Andaman Sea (part of the Indian Ocean). This proposed canal would allow vessels to bypass the longer route through the Malacca Strait, thereby significantly reducing navigation time and distance for maritime traffic between India and East Asia.
Statement 1 is incorrect. Deepening the Malacca Strait primarily aims to accommodate larger vessels (e.g., Malaccamax class) by increasing the navigable depth and ensuring safe passage. It does not alter the geographical length of the existing route, and therefore, does not reduce the navigation time or distance between India and East Asia.
Incorrect Options
Option (a) is incorrect because deepening the Malacca Strait (Statement 1) does not reduce navigation time or distance, as its primary purpose is to enhance capacity for larger ships.
Option (c) is incorrect as only Statement 2 provides a mechanism for reducing navigation time and distance, while Statement 1 does not.
Option (d) is incorrect because Statement 2 offers a valid solution for reducing navigation time and distance between India and East Asia by creating a new, shorter maritime route.