Correct Option (D)
Explanation
Statement-I is incorrect. The atmosphere is primarily heated by terrestrial radiation (longwave radiation) emitted from the Earth's surface, rather than by direct absorption of incoming solar radiation (shortwave radiation). Most solar radiation passes through the atmosphere with minimal absorption, reaching and warming the Earth's surface. The warmed surface then re-radiates energy as longwave radiation, which is significantly absorbed by atmospheric gases, leading to atmospheric heating.
Statement-II is correct. Greenhouse gases, including carbon dioxide (CO₂), methane (CH₄), and water vapor, are effective absorbers of longwave radiation. This absorption of terrestrial radiation by these gases is a key component of the greenhouse effect, which traps heat in the lower atmosphere and contributes to the Earth's surface temperature.
Given that Statement-I is incorrect and Statement-II is correct, option 4 accurately reflects the status of both statements.
Incorrect Options
Options 1 and 2 are incorrect because Statement-I is factually inaccurate. The atmosphere is not heated more by incoming solar radiation than by terrestrial radiation; the reverse is true.
Option 3 is incorrect because Statement-I is incorrect, and Statement-II is correct. This option misrepresents the factual accuracy of both statements.