Correct Option
The Western Ghats, stretching along India's western coast from Maharashtra to Kerala, is recognized as one of the world's biodiversity hotspots. It exhibits high levels of species endemism, with unique flora and fauna found nowhere else. Its rich biodiversity and ecological sensitivity led to its designation as an ecological hotspot.
The region is protected under the Wildlife Protection Act of 1972, facilitating the establishment of national parks and wildlife sanctuaries. Notable protected areas include Silent Valley National Park, Periyar Wildlife Sanctuary, and Kudremukh National Park.
Incorrect Options
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Western Himalayas: While ecologically sensitive and rich in biodiversity, the Western Himalayas are not designated as one of the global biodiversity hotspots.
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Eastern Himalayas: The Eastern Himalayas are a part of the larger Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. However, the Western Ghats are recognized as a distinct ecological hotspot primarily located within India.
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Eastern Ghats: The Eastern Ghats exhibit lower biodiversity and endemism compared to the Western Ghats and are not designated as a biodiversity hotspot.