IAS 1996 — Environment & Ecology

Given below are two statements, one labelled as Assertion (A) and the other labelled as Reason (R): Assertion (A): Mangroves are very specialised forest ecosystems of tropical and sub-tropical regions bordering certain sea coasts. Reason (R): They stabilise the shoreline and act as bulwark against encroachments by the sea.

Which one of the following regions of India is now regarded as an 'ecological hot spot'?

Physico-chemical characteristics of water in water sources undergo changes due to

Consider the following programmes: 1. Afforestation and development of wastelands 2. Reforestation and replantation in existing forests 3. Encouraging the wood substitutes and supplying other types of fuel 4. Promotion of wide use of insecticides and pesticides to restrict the loss of forest area from degradation caused by pests and insects. The National Forest Policy of 1988 includes:

Which one of the following is a modified stem?