Correct Option (4)
Assumption I states that a strong opposition is required only if the Head of Government is indifferent. However, the passage implies that the necessity of opposition transcends the disposition of the leadership. It suggests that opposition serves a crucial corrective function, beneficial even when rulers are wise and sensible, as friends may not provide necessary scrutiny. Therefore, the passage does not support limiting the need for opposition solely to instances of governmental indifference, rendering assumption I invalid.
Assumption II posits that more aggressive opposition leads to better governance in a democracy. The passage, conversely, advocates for a rational and reasoned approach to opposition. It cautions against both arbitrary rule and revolutionary, irreconcilable forms of opposition. The emphasis is on constructive correction rather than aggression. Hence, assumption II is not supported by the passage.
Since neither assumption I nor assumption II is valid based on the context provided, Option 4 is the correct choice.
Incorrect Options:
Option 1 is incorrect because assumption I is not a valid inference from the passage.
Option 2 is incorrect because assumption II is not a valid inference from the passage and misrepresents the nature of opposition advocated.
Option 3 is incorrect because both assumption I and assumption II are invalid.