Correct Option (D)
Assumption 1 states, "No country needs to depend on ecosystems to boost national income." However, the passage explicitly mentions that "commercial exploitation has the potential to boost national income," particularly in developing countries. This directly contradicts the assertion made in assumption 1, rendering it invalid.
Assumption 2 states, "Resource-rich countries need to share their resources with those of scant resources so as to prevent the degradation of ecosystems." The passage focuses on internal conflicts within countries regarding ecosystem use for conservation, livelihoods, and commercial exploitation. It does not discuss or imply any international resource sharing obligations or mechanisms. Therefore, assumption 2 is not a valid inference from the provided text.
Since both assumptions I and II are not supported by the passage, option (D) is the correct answer.
Incorrect Options:
Option (A) is incorrect because assumption I is invalid, as it contradicts the passage's statement regarding the potential of commercial exploitation to boost national income.
Option (B) is incorrect because assumption II is invalid, as the passage does not provide any basis for inferring international resource sharing.
Option (C) is incorrect because both assumption I and assumption II are unsupported by the passage.