Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
The 'Growth-oriented approach' to poverty reduction was based on which of the following expectations?
Consider the following statements regarding the categorization of poverty: 1. The 'Chronic Poor' category includes only those who are never poor. 2. The 'Churning Poor' are those who regularly move in and out of poverty. 3. The 'Transient Poor' category includes both the churning poor and the occasionally poor. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the impact of British rule on the Indian economy: 1. The British policies involved lowering rural taxes to support small farmers. 2. Under British rule, India was transformed from an exporter of manufactured cloth to an exporter of raw cotton. 3. The main goal of the British Raj was to develop India into a self-sufficient industrial power. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following are cited as general, economy-wide problems causing poverty in India? 1. Low capital formation 2. Lack of infrastructure 3. Lack of demand 4. Pressure of population Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Consider the following statements regarding land distribution and agriculture in India: 1. Since independence, the government has attempted to redistribute land from those with large amounts to those who have none. 2. The land redistribution move was fully successful in making all agricultural workers productive. 3. Small farmers often possess land that is less fertile and dependent on rains. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the evolution of self-employment programmes in India, consider the following statements: 1. Initially, the government focused solely on providing wage employment and ignored self-employment. 2. Since the 1990s, the approach shifted towards encouraging the formation of Self-Help Groups (SHGs). 3. Under the SHG model, the government provides partial financial assistance in the form of bank loans. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the British Raj's impact on Indian agriculture: 1. British policies involved lowering rural taxes to support small farmers. 2. Over 70 % of Indians were engaged in agriculture throughout the British Raj period. 3. The British government banned the export of food grains to ensure food security in India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following best describes the origin of the urban poor in India?
What is a major criticism of the 'Monthly Per Capita Expenditure' (MPCE) mechanism used to identify the poor? 1. It groups all the poor together without differentiating between the very poor and the other poor. 2. It relies on income data which is considered more accurate than expenditure data. 3. It ignores social factors like illiteracy, ill health, and lack of civil freedoms. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following are cited as reasons for the limited success of poverty alleviation programmes in India? 1. Unequal distribution of land and other assets. 2. Insufficient resource allocation compared to the magnitude of poverty. 3. Lack of active participation of local level institutions in programme implementation. 4. Inefficiency and corruption among officials. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following factors reinforces poverty by compelling indebtedness among the poor? 1. The availability of permanent and secure work for the poor. 2. High rates of interest charged by moneylenders. 3. Lack of assets to sell during shocks. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
With reference to the causes of poverty among small farmers, consider the following statements: 1. Small farmers are generally independent of rains due to access to private irrigation. 2. The per-head availability of land for cultivation has steadily declined leading to fragmentation of land holdings. 3. Income from small land holdings is usually sufficient to meet all basic requirements. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
In the context of poverty alleviation strategies in India, the approach focused on providing basic amenities envisages that:
With reference to self-employment programmes like Prime Minister’s Rozgar Yojana (PMRY) and Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY), consider the following statements: 1. PMRY aimed at creating self-employment for the educated unemployed from low-income families. 2. SJSRY aimed at creating employment opportunities in rural areas only. 3. These programmes were considered as major ways of addressing poverty prior to 2015. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
According to the critical assessment of poverty alleviation programmes, which of the following factors contributes to the inefficient use of resources? 1. Officials are completely immune to pressure from local elites. 2. Officials are often ill-motivated and inadequately trained. 3. There is a lack of active participation of the poor in the growth process. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Which of the following is identified as a cause of poverty related to the agricultural sector? 1. Excessive mechanization leading to labor shortage. 2. Fragmentation of land holdings. 3. Dependence on high-value commercial crops for export. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
Consider the following statements regarding the impact of British rule on India's food security: 1. India began to export food grains under the British. 2. Famines were completely eradicated in India during the British rule. 3. The British government's policies often exacerbated the impact of famines. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding the relationship between inequality and poverty in India?
Consider the following statements regarding wage employment programmes: 1. The government has no programmes to generate wage employment for the poor. 2. MNREGA is a major example of a wage employment programme. 3. Wage employment programmes are generally more prominent in rural areas than in urban areas. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
A critical assessment of poverty alleviation programmes reveals that: 1. The benefits from direct poverty alleviation programmes have often been appropriated by the non-poor. 2. The amount of resources allocated for these programmes is sufficient to eradicate poverty. 3. High growth alone is sufficient to reduce poverty. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Casual labourers are considered among the most vulnerable in society because:
Which of the following characteristics are associated with the rural poor in India? 1. Many are landless agricultural labourers. 2. They typically possess large tracts of fertile irrigated land. 3. They are largely engaged in low-productivity agricultural or non-agricultural activities. Select the correct answer using the code given below:
The urban poor in India are described as: 1. The urban poor are distinct and have no connection to the rural poor. 2. They include push-cart vendors, street cobblers, and rag pickers. 3. They generally lack assets and live in poor conditions. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which one of the following is a major limitation of the official poverty estimation mechanism in India?
With reference to the Self-Help Group (SHG) linkage programme, consider the following statements: 1. SHGs are discouraged from saving money and must rely solely on government grants. 2. The government provides partial financial assistance to SHGs through banks. 3. The government decides the individual beneficiaries for loans, bypassing the SHG members. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which one of the following statements best characterizes the relationship between employment and poverty in India?
Consider the following statements regarding the overall assessment of India's poverty alleviation efforts: 1. The absolute number of poor has gone down since independence. 2. All states have a uniform proportion of poor people equal to the national average. 3. The policy towards poverty alleviation has not undergone any radical transformation in terms of ownership of assets. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Britain’s main goals from the Raj included: 1. Britain's main goal was to develop India as a competitor in the global textile market. 2. Having India service its debt payments to Britain. 3. Using India to provide manpower for British imperial armies. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?