Every question from this NCERT chapter, with a detailed explanation.
Consider the following statements regarding the demographic profile of India: 1. The second stage of demographic transition began only after the 1951 Census. 2. Before 1921, neither the total population nor the rate of population growth was very high. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the public health facilities during the colonial period, consider the following statements: 1. They were available to the majority of the population. 2. Water and air-borne diseases were rampant. 3. The overall mortality rate was very high. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the textile industry in Bengal: 1. Daccai Muslin was a coarse cotton textile with no international demand. 2. The finest variety was known as 'malmal'. 3. It was exclusively used by the British royalty. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The two-fold motive behind the systematic de-industrialisation of India was to: 1. Make India a supplier of raw materials. 2. Make India a net exporter of finished industrial products. 3. Prevent India from becoming a competitor in the industrial sector. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements accurately describes the "drain of wealth" mechanism?
Which of the following were consequences of the decline of the indigenous handicraft industries? 1. Massive unemployment in India. 2. It led to an oversupply of locally made goods in the domestic market. 3. Increased demand for British manufactured goods.
With reference to the railways, consider the following statements: 1. It restricted people from undertaking long-distance travel. 2. It adversely affected the self-sufficiency of village economies. 3. It fostered the commercialisation of Indian agriculture. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the estimation of India’s national and per capita income during the colonial period, consider the following statements: 1. The colonial government established a dedicated commission to estimate India’s national income annually. 2. The estimates provided by various individual economists were often conflicting and inconsistent. 3. V.K.R.V. Rao’s estimates were considered insignificant and were largely ignored. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the state of the Indian economy prior to British rule: 1. The economy was primarily agrarian with a large majority of the population engaged in agriculture. 2. India had no significant tradition of handicraft industries prior to British rule. 3. Indian products enjoyed a worldwide market due to their high standards of craftsmanship. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the agricultural sector under British rule, consider the following statements: 1. The agricultural sector experienced absolute stagnation with no growth in the aggregate area under cultivation. 2. The stagnation was caused mainly by the land settlement systems introduced by the colonial government. 3. Low levels of technology and negligible use of fertilisers contributed to low productivity. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the industrial sector during the colonial period, consider the following statements: 1. The decline of indigenous handicraft industries created massive unemployment in India. 2. The cotton textile mills were mainly dominated by foreigners and located in Bengal. 3. The jute mills were mainly dominated by Indians and located in western India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The primary motive of the colonial government’s policy of systematically de-industrialising India was:
Consider the following statements regarding the "drain of Indian wealth" during the colonial period: 1. It resulted from the generation of a large export surplus in India’s foreign trade. 2. The export surplus was used to invest in the industrial development of India. 3. The surplus did not result in any flow of gold or silver into India. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the occupational structure during the colonial period, consider the following statements: 1. The agricultural sector accounted for less than 50 % of the workforce. 2. The manufacturing sector accounted for a very small portion of the workforce, around 10 %. 3. There was a growing regional variation where states like Madras and Bombay witnessed a decline in the dependence of the workforce on agriculture. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the infrastructure developed by the British, consider the following statements: 1. The roads built primarily served the purpose of drawing out raw materials from the countryside. 2. There was an abundance of all-weather roads to reach rural areas during the rainy season. 3. The inland waterways always proved to be more economical than the railways. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the public sector in the industrial sector during British rule: 1. The public sector had a very wide area of operation including heavy industries. 2. It was confined only to railways, power generation, communications, and ports. 3. It played a major role in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the commercialisation of agriculture under British rule, consider the following statements: 1. It linked Indian agriculture to the international market. 2. Farmers shifted their cropping pattern from cash crops to food crops. 3. The cash crops produced were ultimately used by British industries. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the restrictive policies of commodity production, trade, and tariff pursued by the colonial government: 1. They had no impact on the structure of India's foreign trade. 2. They adversely affected the composition of India's foreign trade. 3. They restricted the volume of India's foreign trade. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
With reference to the Zamindari system, consider the following statements: 1. Zamindars invested heavily to improve the condition of agriculture. 2. It was implemented in the then Bengal Presidency. 3. The terms of revenue settlement were flexible and dependent on the harvest. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the "de-industrialisation" of India: 1. It created a new demand in the Indian consumer market for British goods. 2. It led to the revival and growth of indigenous handicraft industries. 3. It increased the burden of population on the agricultural sector. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following was the most important characteristic of India’s foreign trade throughout the colonial period?
Consider the following statements regarding the infrastructure in British India: 1. The introduction of the electric telegraph was primarily to serve the public interest. 2. The postal services, despite being inadequate, served a useful public purpose. 3. The railways enabled people to break geographical and cultural barriers. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the agricultural sector's performance: 1. There was a high level of productivity due to the introduction of new technology. 2. A large section of tenants and sharecroppers had neither resources nor incentives to invest in agriculture. 3. India's agriculture received massive investment in terracing and flood-control. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the economic policies of the colonial government: 1. They were primarily concerned with the protection of the economic interests of Britain. 2. They ensured that the structure of the Indian economy remained unchanged throughout the colonial period. 3. They transformed India into a supplier of raw materials and consumer of finished industrial products. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
What was the primary economic impact of the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869 on India?
With reference to the industrial sector, consider the following statements: 1. There was a strong capital goods industry to promote further industrialisation. 2. The growth rate of the new industrial sector was very small. 3. The contribution of the industrial sector to the Gross Value Added (GVA) remained very small. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the railways in India: 1. They completely halted the commercialisation of Indian agriculture. 2. They were introduced primarily to serve British colonial interests. 3. They resulted in a huge economic surplus for the Indian exchequer. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the agricultural sector: 1. A small section of farmers changed their cropping pattern from food crops to commercial crops. 2. Tenants were given full ownership rights and incentives to invest. 3. The sector experienced a decline in the aggregate area under cultivation. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Consider the following statements regarding the Zamindars under the permanent settlement: 1. They were to lose their rights if they failed to deposit revenue by fixed dates. 2. They invested heavily in the improvement of agriculture. 3. Their main interest was rent collection. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
The "invisible items" in the context of India's balance of payments during the colonial period referred to:
The economic policies pursued by the colonial government were primarily concerned with:
With reference to the agricultural sector, consider the following statements: 1. Commercialisation of agriculture improved the food security of farmers. 2. Lack of irrigation facilities aggravated the plight of farmers. 3. Flood-control and drainage remained largely neglected. Which of the statements given above is/are correct?
Which of the following statements best summarizes the state of the Indian economy at the time of independence?