The correct option is 1 and 3 only.
Explanation
The economic policies pursued by the colonial government in India were fundamentally driven by the economic interests of the home country, Britain. These policies resulted in a significant transformation of the Indian economy, shifting it from a manufacturing hub to an agrarian appendage of the British Empire.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Correct: The primary motive behind the colonial economic policies was the protection and promotion of the economic interests of Britain. The policies were designed to serve the requirements of British industrialization rather than the development of the Indian economy.
- Statement 2 is Incorrect: The structure of the Indian economy did not remain unchanged. Prior to British rule, India was known for its handicraft industries, particularly in textiles and precious metals. Colonial policies led to systematic de-industrialization, fundamentally altering the economic structure by destroying indigenous manufacturing and forcing a shift toward agriculture and raw material production.
- Statement 3 is Correct: Consequently, India was transformed into a supplier of raw materials (such as raw cotton, jute, and indigo) for British industries and a consumer of finished industrial products imported from Britain. This dual role defined the colonial economic relationship.
Key Takeaway: The colonial administration fundamentally altered the structural composition of the Indian economy, turning it into a net exporter of raw materials and a net importer of finished goods to support the industrial base of Britain.