The correct option is (c).
Explanation
Waterfalls are vertical drops in a river's course, typically formed where water flows over a steep drop or escarpment. In plateau regions, the geological structure often features flat uplands with steep edges, creating ideal conditions for the formation of waterfalls as rivers descend from the plateau surface.
Statement-wise Analysis:
- Statement 1 is Incorrect. The Hundru Falls is not located on the river Ganga. It is formed by the Subarnarekha River in the Ranchi district of Jharkhand. It is a significant waterfall in the Chota Nagpur Plateau region.
- Statement 2 is Correct. The Jog Falls, also known as Gersoppa Falls, is located in the state of Karnataka (Shivamogga district). It is created by the Sharavathi River and is one of the highest plunge waterfalls in India.
- Statement 3 is Correct. Plateaus are elevated flatlands with steep slopes or escarpments at their margins. As rivers flowing across the plateau reach these steep edges, they fall from a great height, leading to the formation of waterfalls. This is a characteristic feature of drainage systems in plateau areas like the Chota Nagpur Plateau and the Deccan Plateau.
Key Takeaway:
Hundru Falls is located on the Subarnarekha River (Jharkhand), while Jog Falls is on the Sharavathi River (Karnataka). Waterfalls in plateau regions result from rivers dropping over steep escarpments.